Boeing Case Study - 3170 Words

Introduction In this case Boeing faces a number of challenges in determiningthe viability of bringing forth the 7E7 aircraft series. Aircraft manufacturersbringing forth a new product has to take extra care since a miss in this assessment can place a company in a position to fail the result of huge cash outflows required. Boeing faced stiff competition from French based Airbus and had not brought forth a successful new product in recent years. Since the September 11th attacks travel had taken a drop in general and Boeing was making assumptions regarding future needs and opportunities. This included the willingness of travelers to pay 5% more for efficiency and the increase of hub and spoke travel for airlines requiring flexibility in†¦show more content†¦This beta is calculated using 40 years of data from Jan 2nd, 1962 to Dec 30th, 2002 (Because the data for historical price of Boeing before 1962 is not available) SUMMARY OUTPUT | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Regress ion Statistics | | | | | | | | Multiple R | 0.47008689 | | | | | | | | R Square | 0.22098168 | | | | | | | | Adjusted R Square | 0.22061697 | | | | | | | | Standard Error | 0.04211976 | | | | | | | | Observations | 2138 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ANOVA | | | | | | | | | | df | SS | MS | F | Significance F | | | | Regression | 1 | 1.074933 | 1.07493 | 605.9124 | 5.50E-118 | | | | Residual | 2136 | 3.789422 | 0.00177 | | | | | | Total | 2137 | 4.864355 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Coefficients | Standard Error | t Stat | P-value | Lower 95% | Upper 95% | Lower 95.0% | Upper 95.0% | Intercept | 0.00185857 | 0.000913 | 2.03574 | 0.0419 | 6.82E-05 | 0.00365 | 6.82E-05 | 0.00365 | X Variable 1 | 1.06941054 | 0.043445 | 24.6153 | 5.50E-118 | 0.984212 | 1.15461 | 0.98421 | 1.15461 | According to the regression summary output above, the estimate beta for Boeing is approximately 1.07. One important point to note is that this is theShow MoreRelatedBoeing Case Study1744 Words   |  7 PagesThe Boeing Company is an international aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E. Boeing in Seattle, Washington. The international corporate headquarters are now located in Chicago, Illinois (Boeing, 2009). Boeing was initially incorporated as Pacific Aero Products Company in 1916 (Boeing, 2009). Since 1916, Pacific Aero Products Company has transformed into Boeing and expanded into the largest global aircraft manufacturer by revenue, orders and deliveries, and the secondRead MoreCase Study : Boeing : The Boeing Company Essay5714 Words   |  23 PagesLauren Miller, Tori Tappero, Gabriel Quintero, Carlos Aguilar Management and Human Resources 301 Professor Aytug 6 June 2015 Boeing: The Boeing Company Table of Contents Company in Brief (Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 1 Environmental Analysis (Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 1 Macro Environmental Analysis(Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 1 Competitive Environment Analysis(Lauren)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...†¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 1 Internal Environment Analysis(Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 1 Company’s resources(Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreBoeing Case Study872 Words   |  4 Pages | BOEING’S e-ENABLED ADVANTAGE 2Could e-Enabling create the kind of sustainable advantage that the airplanes used to provide?Boeing was able to utilize its competitive advantage to produce better airplanes at a better price compared to its closest competition. Boeing dominated the market industry and became a global leader by producing cutting edge products that were better quality than the closest competitor. It wasn’t until Airbus started receivingRead MoreAnswers to Boeing Case Study2069 Words   |  9 Pagesklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm Sade Danglade Principles of Marketing Boeing Case Study 00016856 | 1) To begin, the market size with regard to the Dreamliner is fairly narrow to none; this is due to the fact that this aircraft is the first of its kind or genre. With relation to the market structure of the Dreamliner, itRead MoreBoeing Dreamline Case Study Report1114 Words   |  5 PagesBoeing Dreamline Case Study Report By Jiajun Chen INTRODUCTION On April 26, 2004, as Airbus surpassed its market share for the first time in the history, Boeing announced its plans to develop the Dreamliner 787 (initially known as Boeing 7E7). These plans were meant to recapture its leading position in the commercial aircraft market. With this aircraft, Boeing used a different approach for development. This report introduces the market position of the 787, addresses its new development strategyRead MoreBoeing 7e7 Case Study2380 Words   |  10 PagesCase # 10:   The Boeing 7E7 Presenting Date:   October 24th, 2012 Course Number:   Fire 417 Cases in Financial Management Section: 901 Instructor:   Dr. Manu Gupta Group Number:   4 Group members: Peter Lee, Siravuth Punyataweekul and Stephen Woolard. Case Summary: 1.) In early 2003, Boeing announced plans to design and sell an airliner named the 7E7. Boeing aimed for the 7E7 to be more fuel efficient, carry between 200 and 250 passengers, able to accomplish both domestic and internationalRead MoreCase Study: Boeing Essay examples832 Words   |  4 PagesAna Lopez MGT 420 Professor Cathy Ko Assignment #2: Case Study: Boeing 1- Select one or more diagnostic models that you believe provide a framework that succinctly identifies the key factors at the center of the Boeing situations. Explain your choice of model. Boeing has had an array of problems since the 1900’s; from the scandal with the Pentagon in 2003, to the manufacturing crisis when Boeing was required to halt production of the 747 aircraft for 20 days. Let’s not forget the financialRead MoreBoeing Australia Case Study1480 Words   |  6 Pagessales and marketing and information technology managers will be involved in the decision making, implementation and monitoring of this new system. This will prove credibility of JITD and convince customers that change is inevitable and in this this case the benefits will be mutual. Issues Deciding whether or not the Just In Time Distribution (JITD) model should be implemented into Barilla†s operations. Barilla is suffering from escalating operational inefficiencies. The company is beingRead MoreCase study of Boeing Dreamliner1560 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Title of case: Boeing 787 Dreamliner Critical Facts: Boeing is the world’s largest manufacturer of military and commercial aircraft, which was founded in 1916 by William Boeing and Navy Engineer Conrad Westervelt in the name of Pacific Aero Products Company in Seattle, which after active participation in World war-I was renamed to Boeing Airplane Company (Frederick, 2014). Boeing produced several hundreds of B-17 Flying fortress during World War II which became the U.S Bomber. In 1950’s Boeing facedRead MoreCase Study : The Boeing Company1453 Words   |  6 Pages The Boeing Company is an American Multinational famous corporation that designs, produce, and sells commercial jetliners and military aircraft combined and satellites. It also prepares product support services. The Company founded in 1916 in the Puget Sound region of Washington State by William E Boeing. The Company undertook a series of strategic mergers and acquisitions to become the world’s leading aerospace company. Boeing is organized into few main and original divisions: †¢ Boeing Commercial

The Difference Between Right And Wrong And Good Versus Evil

Ashanti Mcgary Professor Wendi Dunlap English 1302 11 May 2015 Good versus Evil The difference between right and wrong and good versus evil can be simplified in a basic short story text. Flannery O Connor bases its concept of good versus evil in A Good Man is Hard to Find. The characters justify this theory. Flannery O Conner, as a Catholic, saw the nature of good vs. evil and centers around the literature A Good Man is Hard to Find, by utilizing the roles of these characters. O Connor’s theory is contributed to God’s work towards ordinary people. The characters in the story such as The Misfit, Harry/Bevel, and Mr. Guizac perform a form of salvation for themselves that go against their will. A quote from Frederick Crews mentions O’Connor’s work as â€Å"not finally about salvation, but about doom the sudden and irremediable realization that there is no exit from being, for better or worse, exactly who one is† (Crews qtd. In McMullen 58). In O’Connor’s short story, there is a lot of shocking reality checks that th e family views throughout. In my perception, O’Connor’s view of salvation is just being who you are. This serves it correctly by O’Connor quoting â€Å"Who should not be so pro ne to ignore how very divisive grace is; we should not so often forget that it cuts with the sword Christ came to bring† (O’Connor qtd. in Muller 100). In all definition of the many type of people in this everyday life such as, criminals, foreigners, Christ followers, and children, includeShow MoreRelatedThe Duality Within People By Christopher Nolan s The Dark Knight1278 Words   |  6 PagesThe eternal struggle between good and evil is seen within human nature, as it is one of the most complex and controversial topics analyzed by many philosophers since the Ancient Greeks. The confrontation and differences of good and evil are displayed in Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight, through the character of Harvey Dent, who becomes Two-Face. Two-Face plays a crucial role for the understanding of human nature, as he is a manifestation of the inner turmoil of good versus evil that resides withinRead MoreStar Wars : A New Hope1556 Words   |  7 Pagesmise-en-scà ¨ne adds depth to the themes in Star Wars: Episode IV—A New Hope (1977), paying particular attention to ‘good versus evil’. This theme stands out in because it speaks to one of the oldest struggles of all, the battle between right and wrong. A main aspect of mise-en-scà ¨ne that plays an influential role in defining the difference between characters that have been designated as good and evil is the use of fabric choices and the costumes they wear. Bordwell and Thomson say in Film Art an Introduction:Read MoreUniversal Truths in Japanese Literature1573 Words   |  7 PagesUniversal Truths such as Good vs. Evil, Greed vs. Generosity, and Outer Strength vs. Inner Strength affect the people of Japan, and reflects on how the live their life, and their outlook on the world. The universal truth of Good vs. Evil reflects Japanese culture through, the history, the people, their outlook on life, and their actions. Evil is usually perceived as the opposite of good. In history it is to be known that Good always conquers evil. Every language has a meaning for good, and a word thatRead MoreEvil : Evil And Evil981 Words   |  4 Pagesto neither good nor evil, and it s the life experience that impressed with the man as he grows up. Everyone has an evil seed planted inside him. Only the really evil person acts on it and commits actions morally wrong. On the other side, the good person has many ideas how to live the life having morals. Everybody has the potential to bring out whether the good side of him or the evil side. Humans should work on doing the right, but at the same time they can be evil and have been evil at some pointRead MoreDisney Films: The Little Mermaid1588 Words   |  7 Pagespositive moral overarching theme of Hans Christian Andersen’ s original story. The historical, cultural, and social setting of both the original fairytale and the Disney adaption of The Little Mermaid are incredibly important when analyzing the differences between the two. Hans Christian Andersen wrote The Little Mermaid in 1837 in Denmark. Denmark’s state religion was Evangelical Lutheran until the mid 1800s, when freedom of religion was established with the conversion of Denmark into a monarchy. Read MoreWatchmen: What Makes a Hero?1566 Words   |  7 PagesVillain? Leslie O’Sullivan 2. The conflict between good and evil has been a prominent aspect of literature, and society itself, for ages. Many popular stories are based around the hero succeeding in their endeavours by defeating the arch nemesis; good conquers evil by performing in a manner that is deemed morally right. However, in Alan Moore’s, Watchmen, the notion of morality is questioned, suggesting that the line separating good from evil does not exist. Rorschach, the most morally influencedRead MoreHeloise and Abelard: Focus on Right and Wrong Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Abelard morally wrong action are distinguished by four things. First, there is a mental vice that makes us prone to sin, such as lust and desire, followed second by the sin itself which is dependant on the situation. Third is the will for evil and finally the doing of evil. He holds these separate for â€Å"to will and to fulfill the will are not the same, so to sin and to perform the sin are not the same†(2-5 11-L). Just as there is a difference between someone who intended to push someoneRead MoreThe Theme Of Good And Evil In Dantes Inferno1517 Words   |  7 Pagestheir past. Good versus evil is a major theme that occurred throughout Hell. In the Inferno, there are times where Dante sees good and evil and also represents it himself. In The Divine Comedy: The Inferno, Dante defines the meaning of good. To Dante, â€Å"good† are the sinners who sinned by accident and ended up in Hell because of it. Dante believes there are good sinners in a sense that the first three circles of Hell are sinners who sinned by accident, and are technically considered good. In the firstRead MoreMark Twains Belief that the Real Descent of Human Morality Essay676 Words   |  3 Pagesmorality, as disputed in â€Å"The Damned Human Race†, has seemingly not evolved to the same extent of the morals of what he believes to be the â€Å"higher animals†. Moral sense as defined by Twain is the quality that enables wrong doing. Without this this â€Å"sense† man would not be capable of doing wrong. One of Twain’s earliest experiments came shortly after reading about a group of men that organized a hunt for buffalo. Although the hunt provided food, it was ordered mainly for the pure entertainment of anRead MoreThematic Analysis Of Bless Me, Ultima1580 Words   |  7 Pages Thematic Analysis of Conflicts in, Bless me, Ultima Differences in others aid to the stimulation of ideas and opinions that expresses an individual s personality. In Rudolfo Anaya’s bildungsroman, Bless Me, Ultima, the struggle between two families and their extreme differences cause numerous conflicts that are constantly present throughout his novel. In this chicano inspired novel, Antonio Marà ©z, the six year old protagonist, is perpetually faced with instances of dissimilarity throughout

Essay about The Culture of Poverty in America Essay Example For Students

Essay about The Culture of Poverty in America Essay The Culture PovertyAmerica has always been a country known for their great integrity, diversity, financial prosperity and great pop culture. It has been a place many people have flocked to from many different parts of the world in order to escape their very own poverty struck countries in their quest to build a new life in America and hopefully become financially stable. In this article written by M. Harrington he pointed out some key factors discussing how America has not really changed from over a hundred years ago. In specifics he tells how many years have gone by and still yet there is still a very large amount of a poverty class of people. Although our nation takes great pride on its classlessness there is still a one quarter percent of our country’s population that still lives in a poverty level. Some of these areas also included some inner city blacks, farmworkers, Appalachian whites and elderly people. Harrington’s book â€Å"The Other America† also tells us how as a country we have managed to hide the poverty level class from being seen while our country screams we are the wealthiest country in the world! America has done just that. Encourage the wealthy to become wealthier and poor to be poorer. It was also pointed out that the poverty class tends to have a poor language, poor mentality and just a poor outlook of the entire world view as a whole. He stated that the poverty people in this country are identified by a unique way of what is called â€Å"Culture Of Poverty†. What he was saying was that the mind of a poverty struck person will not ever surmount to doing things that will benefit them or change the course of their direction. In other words you may give a poor man a million dollars but he will not know wha. .the top, never at the bottom†. If we abide in his word and seek him first God’s blessing will come upon us as his word declares. Deut 28: 2 â€Å"And all these blessings shall come on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God†. ReferencesFreire-Medeiros, B. (2012). Touring poverty. Florence: Taylor and Francis Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com. ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/lib/liberty/docDetail.action?docID=10635042Roulier, S. (1997). Beyond richard rortys public: Relegitimizing the quest for transcendence. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 9(1), 19-38. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/195882358?accountid=12085Foner, E. (1994). The meaning of freedom in the age of emancipation. The Journal of American History, 81(2), 435. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/224924715?accountid=12085

Island of the Blue Dolphins free essay sample

Island Of The Blue Dolphins I believe that Karana should have jumped rather than stayed on the boat. I think this because it shows her love for her brother, secondly she does it because she feels like she has to protect her younger brother and lastly it is an unselfish act to do. Firstly, Karana should jump because it shows she loves her brother. The thought going through her mind was that she should jump for your younger brother. The love that Karana and her younger brother had for one another should make her jump. For example in a situation like Karanas it is the right thing to go back for her little brother, Karana was going through painful thoughts like the thoughts that her little brother may die. This would make anyone jump. Secondly, she does this because she feels the need to protect her younger brother. Karana is the type of person who would do anything if she had a older or younger sibling in danger or wounded. We will write a custom essay sample on Island of the Blue Dolphins or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So in this type of situation in which her younger brother needs a big sisters help, Karana would be doing anything possible to get to her little brother like jumping off the boat. I felt as if I had been gone a long time as I stood there looking down from the high rock. I was happy to be home. Everything I saw- the otter playing in the kelp, the rings of foam around the rocks guarding the harbour, the gulls flying, the tides moving past the sandpit filled me with happiness. A qoute from the novel. (Scott ODell) Finally, it was an unselfish act towards her brother. Because if Karana did not have jumped her younger brother wouldve felt useless with nothing to live for and unfortunately killed himself. Even if Karana hadnt of jumped she would have felt selfish and she would have lost all the love and sympathy that her brother had for her. The love that they had for each other drove Karana to do the most unselfish and Christian act that any human would be able to do. In conclusion, Karana did what was best for her and everyone else. It must have been one of the hardest choices any person could ever make but in Karana made the best of choices. This shows the courage and ability Karana had to do to be able to save and be with her younger brother. A Matter of Life or Death Mrs Hicks EN505 Matt Oakford Week 5-Week 8

What Is the Purpose of Education in the United States

What Is the Purpose of Education in the United States How to Find a Purpose for Education Nowadays more and more young people view education skeptically. With mass media glamorizing the idea of skipping school or dropping out of college, it might seem that education has no purpose indeed. It is difficult, consumes a lot of time and, in case of college, might cost you a fortune. However, all these drawbacks greatly overweight the benefits that education gives to young people. Learn four things you get from studying at school or college and you will understand the purpose of education. Building a Good Career Unless youre a genius who already has a plan for groundbreaking discoveries, a good career will become a possibility for you only with a sufficient academic background. Many people would speculate against the need for college giving examples of successful people who dropped out, but what they forget is that not everyone is exceptionally talented. College is an institution that wont show you the way but will teach you how to find it. It gives skills and information that youll be able to interpret in your own way and build a foundation of your unique self. So dont see college as a ticket to your successful future but view it as a means of learning which you need to build this future with your own hands. Enriching Knowledge Many students develop an aversion to studying if it involves cramming and learning things by heart. In reality, thats not what education is about. The purpose of education is in sparking your interest in new concepts, ideas, and practices, finding things that truly interest you and developing your knowledge. Sometimes you cant get away from cramming sessions, but in the end high quality education will teach you a lot of new information that you can apply later. Getting Deeper Insight of Life Whatever you study, you cant avoid incorporating the process of thinking. The more you think about different concepts and problems, the more you develop the understanding of the world that surrounds you. Even people who dislike college cant discredit the fact that college changes you as a person. Even if you find your professors incompatible and feel like youre not getting anything new, youre still developing as a personality, learning to think critically and make judgments based on the situation. Looking at the World Positively Only those people who know little about the world see solely negative things. The significance of education is that it teaches you to find good aspects even in those things that are deemed hopeless. With highly developed logical thinking and being able to gauge various situations clearly, you learn to see things from different perspectives and discover a lot more they have to offer. Thats something that totally changes your outlook and differentiates an educated person from an uneducated one. You might think that going to college is not worth the difficulties and hard work it involves, but in reality, those things are the best teachers. The purpose of education is in honing you into a better version of yourself.

Free Essays on Amish Culture

Paper Two- Folk Culture There are many folk cultures still alive throughout the world, but the one that seems to be the most vivid of all has to be the Amish folk culture. First we have to have a clear idea of what a folk culture represents to understand the Amish way of life, their beliefs and their values. The word folk describes a rural group that still lives the old-fashioned way, following some simple rules and practices. A group of people that generally stick together and are less influenced by modern technology than the overall population. The Amish people fall under all these characteristics. The Amish are a very conservative Christian faith group. Many of their beliefs are identical to those of Fundamentalist and other Evangelical churches, including baptism, a literal interpretation of the Bible, etc. Of course, there is some differences such as their belief in remaining separate from the rest of the world and their rejection of involvement with the military or warfare. Each district is self-governing, there is no centralized Amish organization. They have traditionally avoided attempts to seek adaptation. Recently, some Amish groups have become active in converting to Christianity. The Ordnung is an oral tradition which regulates the Amish way of life, specific details of the Ordnung differ among various church districts. Some Amish migrated to the United States, started in the early 18th century, and started settling in Lancaster County, PA during the 1720's. Other groups settled in or moved to New York, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri and Ohio. They have attempted to preserve the elements of late 17th century European rural culture. They reject most of the developments of the modern society. During the 1860's, a series of conferences were held in Wayne County OH to deal with modern pressures. Partly as a result of these conferences, the Amish split into a number of divisions, including t... Free Essays on Amish Culture Free Essays on Amish Culture Paper Two- Folk Culture There are many folk cultures still alive throughout the world, but the one that seems to be the most vivid of all has to be the Amish folk culture. First we have to have a clear idea of what a folk culture represents to understand the Amish way of life, their beliefs and their values. The word folk describes a rural group that still lives the old-fashioned way, following some simple rules and practices. A group of people that generally stick together and are less influenced by modern technology than the overall population. The Amish people fall under all these characteristics. The Amish are a very conservative Christian faith group. Many of their beliefs are identical to those of Fundamentalist and other Evangelical churches, including baptism, a literal interpretation of the Bible, etc. Of course, there is some differences such as their belief in remaining separate from the rest of the world and their rejection of involvement with the military or warfare. Each district is self-governing, there is no centralized Amish organization. They have traditionally avoided attempts to seek adaptation. Recently, some Amish groups have become active in converting to Christianity. The Ordnung is an oral tradition which regulates the Amish way of life, specific details of the Ordnung differ among various church districts. Some Amish migrated to the United States, started in the early 18th century, and started settling in Lancaster County, PA during the 1720's. Other groups settled in or moved to New York, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri and Ohio. They have attempted to preserve the elements of late 17th century European rural culture. They reject most of the developments of the modern society. During the 1860's, a series of conferences were held in Wayne County OH to deal with modern pressures. Partly as a result of these conferences, the Amish split into a number of divisions, including t...

Research/Source analysis task on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Research Paper

/Source analysis task on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in Agriculture - Research Paper Example Presently advanced crop technology is being assisted majorly by genetic engineering. Reference: Discovering Biology by Michael Meaney - Mentor Publications http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Genetic_engineering 2. What are some genetic engineering techniques used in agriculture? The simplest and natural technique of genetic engineering is cross breeding. It has been in practice since ancient times. Some of the modern techniques used in agriculture are as follows: The bacterium method: Plants naturally contain a transformation mechanism in the form of a bacterium. In this mechanism the contact of this bacterium with a cell results in its integration into the chromosomes. Scientist exploit this natural tendency to create resistances like antibiotics. This is done by replacing the acting plasmid of bacterium with a marker gene. The gene gun method: This method does not depend on the natural working of bacterium. The DNA is introduced into the cell by DNA coated micro sized bullets . This method is used commonly since several years and its is found to be applicable over all species of crops virtually. Over the last several years, use of the "gene gun" has become a very common method to transform plants, and has been shown to be applicable to virtually all species investigated. For example, transformation of rice by this method is now routine. This is a very important development as rice is the most important crop in the world in terms of the number of people critically dependent on it for a major part of their diet. The electroporation: In this method the DNA is introduced inside the cell through the holes punctured by a jolt of electricity in protoplasts. This method is not very popular. Reference(s): http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/courses/BIO_343/lecture/geneng.html. 3. What are some of the aims of using GMOs in agriculture? Some of the main aims of applying the GMOs in agriculture are increase in the volume of crops to fight the food crisis in the world (the high yielding genetically modified seeds are largely in use to serve the purpose), the improvement in the nutritional value of crops by introducing new genetically engineered varieties, curbing and reducing the use of pesticides by producing disease resistant safe crops. Additional aims include the preservation of environment by saving the water supplies from pesticides and by allowing the beneficial biological growths. References: http://www.greenfacts.org/en/gmo/index.htm 4. What are some crops to which genetic engineering techniques have been applied and what techniques have been applied to these crops? The gene gun method has proved to be highly useful in generation of genetically improved corn and rice. The induced mutation or bacterium method greatly assists in the introduction and production of several genetically engineered crops like banana, sugar cane, barley and wheat etc. There are 2300 officially released genetically engineered crop varieties listed in the da tabase maintained by FAO/IAEA. References: http://www-infocris.iaea.org/MVD http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/courses/BIO_343/lecture/geneng.html. 5. How widespread and economically important has the use of GMOs on agriculture been up to the present? GMOs are used extensively all around the world. Their widespread use can be assessed by the fact that the ‘